Mar 7, 2013 · Chapter 4: Hitting the Targets: Setting Goals and Examining Meanings. Chapter 5: Keeping it Real: Understanding Anger and Strategies to Help. Chapter 6: Lights, Action, Drama! Understanding Unhelpful Roles and Identities. Chapter 7: Fast Forward: Raising Aspirations and Creating a Future. Chapter 8: Step over Here: Developing an Understanding ... Transactional analysis (TA) is a theory of personality and relationships based on the study of specific ego states, a theory of social interaction or interpersonal communi- cation and a system of group and/or individual psychotherapy used as a tool for personal growth and personal change. Transactional analysis (TA) is a theory of personality and relationships based on the study of specific ego states, a theory of social interaction or interpersonal communi- cation and a system of group and/or individual psychotherapy used as a tool for personal growth and personal change. Transactional Analysis can totally transform your relationships. How to Understand the Dynamics of Relationships Using Transactional Analysis - The Rediscovery Of Me A breakdown in communication is a common occurrence all of us can relate to.P C A P C A Transactional Analysis Freud, Penfield, & Berne Eric Berne Transactional Analysis social intercourse Transactional Stimulus Transactional Response Ego states - Parent, Adult, Child Four Life Positions Time Structuring The Goal is Autonomy Release or recovery of: Awareness Spontaneity Intimacy P C A P C A P C A P C A Transactional ... Transactional analysis (TA) is a widely recognised form of modern psychology, and one of the most accessible theories of psychology at that. In simple terms, TA is designed to promote personal growth and change. It is considered a fundamental therapy for well-being and for helping individuals to reach their full potential in all aspects of life. Ego states are one of the most useful tools I use in psychotherapy. My clients find this information and the tools learned from this invaluable. Not only can... Feb 4, 2022 · The definition of transactional analysis, according to Merriam-Webster, is “a system of psychotherapy involving analysis of individual episodes of social interaction for insight that will aid communication.”. To better understand the meaning of transactional analysis, we must think about human relationships and interactions. Transactional Model of Communication . 2 Transactional Model of Communication . The single biggest problem in communication is the illusion that it has taken place. ~ George Bernard Shaw . Introduction . This report presents a model for understanding the core communication process, and elaborates on mechanisms to strengthen it. Please enter your name. (optional) First name: Last name . ToolsWhat is Transactional Analysis ? TA is a theory about how and why people behave the way they do A method of understanding behavior in interpersonal dynamics. Transactional Analysis or TA is a way of understanding … and changing human behavior 4 TransactionalTransactional Analysis Analysis (TA)(TA) combines The “Drivers Tool”. A “Driver” is an important concept in Transactional Analysis. It was created by the American psychologist Taibi Kahler and is now used worldwide. By identifying and overcoming Drivers people can significantly improve their wellbeing as well as their effectiveness, creativity, communication and relationships. Mar 7, 2013 · Chapter 4: Hitting the Targets: Setting Goals and Examining Meanings. Chapter 5: Keeping it Real: Understanding Anger and Strategies to Help. Chapter 6: Lights, Action, Drama! Understanding Unhelpful Roles and Identities. Chapter 7: Fast Forward: Raising Aspirations and Creating a Future. Chapter 8: Step over Here: Developing an Understanding ... During the 1950s, psychiatrist Eric Berne developed the transactional analysis method to examine this communication process between people, taking feelings, thoughts, and behaviors into account ...In the 20th century, this was further simplified by Eric Berne, a Canadian-born psychiatrist, through his “Transaction Analysis Theory” which became the fundamental unit in psychotherapeutic science. Transactional Analysis (TA) Theory is a method of therapy that analyze human behavior based on determining the ego state of the patient.Module 9 - Drama Triangle 8. A colleague always seems to know best. A You ask him what he wants to achieve with his behavior. B You disagree and prove him wrong in every detail. Worksheet 1: Ego-States Reflect the past 24 hours. In which situations did you operate from the parent ego-state, adult ego-state and child ego-state. Note down your thoughts. What did you tell yourself in your head? What did you say about yourself? What did you say about others and the world? How did you feel? How did you act? Development. In the late-1950s, Dr. Berne used the term “transaction” to define the basic unit of social intercourse. He used “transactional analysis” as a term to define the study of the social exchanges between people. This theory leaned on Freud’s belief that numerous pieces interact to generate various attitudes, complex ...To refresh your memory about the ego states read: Transactional Analysis – Part I (The Masks We Wear) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Controlling/ Critical Parent ... Transactional Analysis Theory: the Basics Carol Solomon, Ph.D. Abstract This article is written to acquaint readers with basic transactional analysis theory and to provide a beginning understanding about how these concepts can be used in real life.Transactional Analysis (TA) is a psychoanalytic theory and method of therapy developed by Eric Berne during the 1950s. Transactions refer to the communication exchanges between people. During a conversation with someone, the person starting the communication will give the ‘transaction stimulus,’ and then the person receiving this stimulus ...Behind each and every transaction…show more content…. This could be considered that the events are imposed towards the child. Examples of these recordings are: • Say “please” or “thank you”. • Don’t talk when your mouth is full. • Don’t play with matches. Sep 26, 2018 · In this vlog I illustrate some of the basics behind Transactional Analysis (TA). I do this by applying by TA to a situation in a couple's therapy session. No... Transactional analysis (TA) is a widely recognised form of modern psychology, and one of the most accessible theories of psychology at that. In simple terms, TA is designed to promote personal growth and change. It is considered a fundamental therapy for well-being and for helping individuals to reach their full potential in all aspects of life.Behind each and every transaction…show more content…. This could be considered that the events are imposed towards the child. Examples of these recordings are: • Say “please” or “thank you”. • Don’t talk when your mouth is full. • Don’t play with matches. This article (Part III), is an outline of two more of the key concepts in Transactional Analysis – Life Positions and Life Scripts. According to Eric Berne, decisions about ourselves, our world and our relationships with others are crystallized during our first 5 years of life. These decisions are based on the encouraging or disparaging ...Transactional Analysis can totally transform your relationships. How to Understand the Dynamics of Relationships Using Transactional Analysis - The Rediscovery Of Me A breakdown in communication is a common occurrence all of us can relate to.Worksheet 1: Ego-States Reflect the past 24 hours. In which situations did you operate from the parent ego-state, adult ego-state and child ego-state. Note down your thoughts. What did you tell yourself in your head? What did you say about yourself? What did you say about others and the world? How did you feel? How did you act? Transactional Model of Communication . 2 Transactional Model of Communication . The single biggest problem in communication is the illusion that it has taken place. ~ George Bernard Shaw . Introduction . This report presents a model for understanding the core communication process, and elaborates on mechanisms to strengthen it.BEAV_M2_Bigdeli_Transactional Analysis_Worksheet - Read online for free. Scribd is the world's largest social reading and publishing site. BEAV - M2 - Bigdeli - Transactional Analysis - Worksheet 56 Chapter 2 Transaction Analysis Land. The Land account shows the cost of the land Apple uses in its operations. Buildings. The costs of Apple’s office building, manufacturing plant, and the like appear in the Buildings account. Equipment, Furniture, and Fixtures.Apple has a separate asset account forDevelopment. In the late-1950s, Dr. Berne used the term “transaction” to define the basic unit of social intercourse. He used “transactional analysis” as a term to define the study of the social exchanges between people. This theory leaned on Freud’s belief that numerous pieces interact to generate various attitudes, complex ...Transactional Analysis Basic Concepts. Transactional analysis is a type of psychotherapy developed by Canadian psychiatrist Eric Berne in the 1940s. Berne believed that communication with others comes from three distinct parts of self which he called ego states. The ego states are: Parent. Adult.This article discusses transactional analysis (TA) theories and their effectiveness in understanding terminally ill patients psychologically and tools offered to medical staffs to provide patients with appropriate care. First, the use of egogram and ‘life-script analysis’ was useful in understanding behavioral patterns in terminally ill ...We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Transactional Analysis (TA) refers to the theory of psychoanalysis and therapy in which social transactions are analysed to determine the ego state of the communicator (be it a parent, child, or adult) and create an understanding of behaviour. A transactional analyst teaches the communicator to alter the ego state to solve emotional problems. The Parent-Adult-Child model: the basics. Based on his observations of people in his own clinical practice in the nineteen fifties, the psychologist Eric Berne developed the idea that people can switch between different states of mind—sometimes in the same conversation and certainly in different parts of their lives, for example at work and ... Transactional Analysis (or TA as it is often called) is a model of people and relationships that was developed during the 1960s by Dr. Eric Berne. It is based on two notions, first that we have three parts or 'ego-states' to our 'personality, and secondly that these converse with one another in 'transactions' (hence the name).TA Transactional Analysis Stroke Profile Worksheet - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. Scribd is the world's largest social reading and publishing site. Open navigation menuMar 7, 2013 · Chapter 4: Hitting the Targets: Setting Goals and Examining Meanings. Chapter 5: Keeping it Real: Understanding Anger and Strategies to Help. Chapter 6: Lights, Action, Drama! Understanding Unhelpful Roles and Identities. Chapter 7: Fast Forward: Raising Aspirations and Creating a Future. Chapter 8: Step over Here: Developing an Understanding ... Subject:Human Resource Management Paper: Organisational BehaviourTo refresh your memory about the ego states read: Transactional Analysis – Part I (The Masks We Wear) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Controlling/ Critical Parent ... Transactional Model of Communication . 2 Transactional Model of Communication . The single biggest problem in communication is the illusion that it has taken place. ~ George Bernard Shaw . Introduction . This report presents a model for understanding the core communication process, and elaborates on mechanisms to strengthen it.Transactional Analysis Stroke Profile Positive Strokes How often do you: Give positive strokes to others? Refuse to give the positive strokes others expect from you? Accept positive strokes? Ask others for positive strokes? Usually Always Frequently Often Rarely Almost Never Negative Strokes How often do you:T r a n sa cti on a l A n a l y si s T h er e a r e f ew mod el s of p sy ch oth er a p y th a t h a v e f l a r ed i n p op u l a r i ty a n d w a n ed a s q u i ck l yOptions (.pdf) Three Important New Articles Published in the IJTARP.ORG, Summer 2019: The Creative Brainstorming System of Eric Berne (.pdf) Script Drama Analysis II (.pdf) Discount of Person, Meaning, and Motive (.pdf) Major TA Articles on Relationships: Five Trust Contracts for Couples (.pdf) H. MELTS and the Six Fightmakers(.pdf)Ego states are one of the most useful tools I use in psychotherapy. My clients find this information and the tools learned from this invaluable. Not only can... In this article you will learn everything about the topic "I'm ok, you're ok". Behind this simple rule there is an attitude that is often not as simply implemented in everyday life. We'll talk about the following topics: 1. I'm Ok, You're Ok - The Graphic Model (Four Life Positions) 2.Aug 7, 2023 · Transactional Analysis (TA) is a psychoanalytic theory and method of therapy developed by Eric Berne during the 1950s. Transactions refer to the communication exchanges between people. During a conversation with someone, the person starting the communication will give the ‘transaction stimulus,’ and then the person receiving this stimulus ... Worksheet 1: Ego-States Reflect the past 24 hours. In which situations did you operate from the parent ego-state, adult ego-state and child ego-state. Note down your thoughts. What did you tell yourself in your head? What did you say about yourself? What did you say about others and the world? How did you feel? How did you act?October 2015. Mark Widdowson. Transactional Analysis for Depression is the first research-based, transactional analysis psychotherapy manual. Developed from the author’s research into TA therapy ...Keep to these simple instructions to get Transactional Analysis Worksheet Pdf prepared for submitting: Get the document you need in our collection of templates. Open the form in our online editing tool. Read the instructions to learn which info you will need to give. Click on the fillable fields and include the necessary details.The ESQ-R is a 40-item experimenter-constructed instrument that measures the strength of the five functional ego states and consists of the 40 items retained from a factor analysis of 60 items ...Worksheet 2: The Egogram Follow your intuition for filling out this chart. 1. Draw a pillar for the ego-state that you spend the most time in. 2. Draw a pillar for the ego-state that you spend the least time in. The relation between the pillar you spend most time and least time in shall represent your intuitive impression of how much The Drama Triangle in Transactional Analysis describes three possible positions a person can be in that may lead to sincere entanglements. It consists of the rescuer position, the persecutor position and the victim position. With the aid of the drama triangle an interaction pattern can be presented. It also reveals a specific communication ...Apr 29, 2022 · During the 1950s, psychiatrist Eric Berne developed the transactional analysis method to examine this communication process between people, taking feelings, thoughts, and behaviors into account ... Chapter 4: Hitting the Targets: Setting Goals and Examining Meanings. Chapter 5: Keeping it Real: Understanding Anger and Strategies to Help. Chapter 6: Lights, Action, Drama! Understanding Unhelpful Roles and Identities. Chapter 7: Fast Forward: Raising Aspirations and Creating a Future. Chapter 8: Step over Here: Developing an Understanding ...Keep to these simple instructions to get Transactional Analysis Worksheet Pdf prepared for submitting: Get the document you need in our collection of templates. Open the form in our online editing tool. Read the instructions to learn which info you will need to give. Click on the fillable fields and include the necessary details.Transactional Model of Communication . 2 Transactional Model of Communication . The single biggest problem in communication is the illusion that it has taken place. ~ George Bernard Shaw . Introduction . This report presents a model for understanding the core communication process, and elaborates on mechanisms to strengthen it.Transactional Analysis (or TA as it is often called) is a model of people and relationships that was developed during the 1960s by Dr. Eric Berne. It is based on two notions, first that we have three parts or 'ego-states' to our 'personality, and secondly that these converse with one another in 'transactions' (hence the name). T r a n sa cti on a l A n a l y si s T h er e a r e f ew mod el s of p sy ch oth er a p y th a t h a v e f l a r ed i n p op u l a r i ty a n d w a n ed a s q u i ck l yApr 1, 2006 · This article discusses transactional analysis (TA) theories and their effectiveness in understanding terminally ill patients psychologically and tools offered to medical staffs to provide patients with appropriate care. First, the use of egogram and ‘life-script analysis’ was useful in understanding behavioral patterns in terminally ill ... To refresh your memory about the ego states read: Transactional Analysis – Part I (The Masks We Wear) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Controlling/ Critical Parent ... Please enter your name. (optional) First name: Last name . Tools Transactions refer to the communication exchanges between people. (Put in TA terms, a transaction is an exchange of strokes. I will explain strokes in the article ‘ Transactional Analysis - Part II. At any one time, an individual will be transacting from one of his or her ego states - Parent (values), Adult (rationality) and Child (emotions ...Abstract. The Winner's Triangle, a useful and easily taught antithesis to the Karpman Drama Triangle (Karpman, 1968), eliminates the discounts inherent in the three roles of the Drama Triangle and replaces each with a specific skill for game-free relating. This article details features of the roles of both triangles and provides suggestions for ...Corey TPCP(8e) / WebTutor / Transactional Analysis 1 TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS by Gerald Corey For Web Tutor for THEORY AND PRACTICE OF COUNSELING AND PSYCHOTHERAPY Eighth Edition (2009) INTRODUCTION . Historical Background. KEY CONCEPTS . View of Human Nature . The Ego States . The Need for Strokes . Injunctions and Counterinjunctions . Decisions ...56 Chapter 2 Transaction Analysis Land. The Land account shows the cost of the land Apple uses in its operations. Buildings. The costs of Apple’s office building, manufacturing plant, and the like appear in the Buildings account. Equipment, Furniture, and Fixtures.Apple has a separate asset account forFeb 28, 2018 · TA is most effective for understanding: 1) transactions with people you’re close to, not colleagues or acquaintances and 2) transactions about sensitive, important topics such as sex, money ... Keep to these simple instructions to get Transactional Analysis Worksheet Pdf prepared for submitting: Get the document you need in our collection of templates. Open the form in our online editing tool. Read the instructions to learn which info you will need to give. Click on the fillable fields and include the necessary details. TA is most effective for understanding: 1) transactions with people you’re close to, not colleagues or acquaintances and 2) transactions about sensitive, important topics such as sex, money ...Transactional Model of Communication . 2 Transactional Model of Communication . The single biggest problem in communication is the illusion that it has taken place. ~ George Bernard Shaw . Introduction . This report presents a model for understanding the core communication process, and elaborates on mechanisms to strengthen it. Transactional Analysis (TA) and Script Theory Ego States Life Positions Script Content Script Process Script Winning Non-Winning Losing After Always Almost A transactional analysis worksheet PDF is a document that provides exercises and activities to help individuals learn and apply the concepts of TA. These worksheets may include prompts, questions, and reflective exercises to guide individuals in exploring their own ego states, communication patterns, and relationship dynamics.Introduction: Transactional Analysis Eric Berne (1910-1970) is an American-Canadian psychiatrist. He is the founder of the theory of Transactional Analysis. What Freud proposed in his theory by naming the three states as ‘Id, Ego, Super-ego’, in the theory of transactional analysis, Eric Berne, named them in simple terms as ‘Child, Adult ...Jul 1, 1996 · INTERVENTIONS STIP-TA Transactional analysis (TA) is a theory of personality development, intrapsychic functioning, and interpersonal behavior developed by Eric Berne in the 1950s (Berne, 1996 ... Berne introduced the idea of strokes into Transactional Analysis based upon the work of Rene Spitz, a researcher who did pioneering work in the area of child development. Spitz observed that infants deprived of cuddling, touching and handling (in other words, not receiving any physical strokes) were more likely to experience emotional and ... The Parent-Adult-Child model: the basics. Based on his observations of people in his own clinical practice in the nineteen fifties, the psychologist Eric Berne developed the idea that people can switch between different states of mind—sometimes in the same conversation and certainly in different parts of their lives, for example at work and ...56 Chapter 2 Transaction Analysis Land. The Land account shows the cost of the land Apple uses in its operations. Buildings. The costs of Apple’s office building, manufacturing plant, and the like appear in the Buildings account. Equipment, Furniture, and Fixtures.Apple has a separate asset account for An ego state is a way in which we think, feel and behave, making up our personality at a given time. These states are thinking and feeling as a: Parent. Adult. Child. One of the most prominent aspects of the personality theory of Transactional Analysis (Berne, 1961) is the ego state concept. Eric Berne suggested that an ‘ego state’ (1961, p ... 56 Chapter 2 Transaction Analysis Land. The Land account shows the cost of the land Apple uses in its operations. Buildings. The costs of Apple’s office building, manufacturing plant, and the like appear in the Buildings account. Equipment, Furniture, and Fixtures.Apple has a separate asset account forOptions (.pdf) Three Important New Articles Published in the IJTARP.ORG, Summer 2019: The Creative Brainstorming System of Eric Berne (.pdf) Script Drama Analysis II (.pdf) Discount of Person, Meaning, and Motive (.pdf) Major TA Articles on Relationships: Five Trust Contracts for Couples (.pdf) H. MELTS and the Six Fightmakers(.pdf)About transactional analysis worksheet pdf This is a student worksheet for an introduction to transaction analysis. It includes multiple-choice questions and problem-solving exercises related to assets, liabilities, and owner's equity.Posters & Worksheets. The Stress Diagnostic is a tick-box list of known stress-related symptoms. The idea is to read through the list of symptoms in the Stress Diagnostic and tick all the symptoms you have been experiencing in the past few weeks. The more symptoms you have and the more intense/severe they are, the more stress you are likely to ...Apr 1, 2006 · This article discusses transactional analysis (TA) theories and their effectiveness in understanding terminally ill patients psychologically and tools offered to medical staffs to provide patients with appropriate care. First, the use of egogram and ‘life-script analysis’ was useful in understanding behavioral patterns in terminally ill ...
Abstract. The Winner's Triangle, a useful and easily taught antithesis to the Karpman Drama Triangle (Karpman, 1968), eliminates the discounts inherent in the three roles of the Drama Triangle and replaces each with a specific skill for game-free relating. This article details features of the roles of both triangles and provides suggestions for .... Hu cow porn
TA is most effective for understanding: 1) transactions with people you’re close to, not colleagues or acquaintances and 2) transactions about sensitive, important topics such as sex, money ...This article (Part III), is an outline of two more of the key concepts in Transactional Analysis – Life Positions and Life Scripts. According to Eric Berne, decisions about ourselves, our world and our relationships with others are crystallized during our first 5 years of life. These decisions are based on the encouraging or disparaging ...Often, these situations can be influenced by the childhood experiences that shape our life positions. 1. Life positions are facets of transactional analysis, a form of psychoanalysis that studies social interactions and how we can improve them. 2 Transactional analysis is grounded in our ego states, which are ways that we think, feel, and behave.Abstract. The Winner's Triangle, a useful and easily taught antithesis to the Karpman Drama Triangle (Karpman, 1968), eliminates the discounts inherent in the three roles of the Drama Triangle and replaces each with a specific skill for game-free relating. This article details features of the roles of both triangles and provides suggestions for ...A transactional analysis worksheet PDF is a document that provides exercises and activities to help individuals learn and apply the concepts of TA. These worksheets may include prompts, questions, and reflective exercises to guide individuals in exploring their own ego states, communication patterns, and relationship dynamics.in July 1970, he lives on in the excitement of the new frontiers of his creation “Transactional Analysis.” To Barbara Rosenfeld, M.D., I owe the pleasure and satisfaction of being introduced to Eric Berne and transactional analysis. Dr. Rosenfeld’s capacity for perceptive, matter-of-fact LEVEL 1 – for the application of Transactional Analysis: Certified Transactional Analysis accredited by I.T.A./E.A.T.A Certified Transactional Analysts may be accredited in any of the four fields of specialisation – Clinical, Organisational, Educational and Counselling. LEVEL 2 – for teaching and training others in Transactional Analysis:To refresh your memory about the ego states read: Transactional Analysis – Part I (The Masks We Wear) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Controlling/ Critical Parent ...What is Transactional Analysis ? TA is a theory about how and why people behave the way they do A method of understanding behavior in interpersonal dynamics. Transactional Analysis or TA is a way of understanding … and changing human behavior 4 TransactionalTransactional Analysis Analysis (TA)(TA) combinesIn this article you will learn everything about the topic "I'm ok, you're ok". Behind this simple rule there is an attitude that is often not as simply implemented in everyday life. We'll talk about the following topics: 1. I'm Ok, You're Ok - The Graphic Model (Four Life Positions) 2.A transactional analysis worksheet PDF is a document that provides exercises and activities to help individuals learn and apply the concepts of TA. These worksheets may include prompts, questions, and reflective exercises to guide individuals in exploring their own ego states, communication patterns, and relationship dynamics.Often, these situations can be influenced by the childhood experiences that shape our life positions. 1. Life positions are facets of transactional analysis, a form of psychoanalysis that studies social interactions and how we can improve them. 2 Transactional analysis is grounded in our ego states, which are ways that we think, feel, and behave. About transactional analysis worksheet pdf This is a student worksheet for an introduction to transaction analysis. It includes multiple-choice questions and problem-solving exercises related to assets, liabilities, and owner's equity. TA Transactional Analysis Stroke Profile Worksheet - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. Scribd is the world's largest social reading and publishing site. Open navigation menu1. Structural Analysis – study of ego states 2. Transactions – Interactions between people 3. Life positions – Self confidence and confidence in others 4. Strokes – recognition of another‟s presence 5. Stamps – the study of collection of feelings 6. Time structuring – ways of spending time 7. Script analysis – study of life plan.Reparenting, specifically within transactional analysis, describes the process of a client unlearning harmful and unhealthy ways of being with the self and others. The goal is to learn new, healthy thoughts and behaviors. Ultimately, the clients would experience what they may have missed in childhood. Reparenting has gone through a progression ...What is Transactional Analysis ? TA is a theory about how and why people behave the way they do A method of understanding behavior in interpersonal dynamics. Transactional Analysis or TA is a way of understanding … and changing human behavior 4 TransactionalTransactional Analysis Analysis (TA)(TA) combines Worksheet 2: The Egogram Follow your intuition for filling out this chart. 1. Draw a pillar for the ego-state that you spend the most time in. 2. Draw a pillar for the ego-state that you spend the least time in. The relation between the pillar you spend most time and least time in shall represent your intuitive impression of how muchMar 7, 2013 · Chapter 4: Hitting the Targets: Setting Goals and Examining Meanings. Chapter 5: Keeping it Real: Understanding Anger and Strategies to Help. Chapter 6: Lights, Action, Drama! Understanding Unhelpful Roles and Identities. Chapter 7: Fast Forward: Raising Aspirations and Creating a Future. Chapter 8: Step over Here: Developing an Understanding ... .